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The LR56
The "Sun Purple" Controversy


We are going to open Pandora's Box once again in the hopes of adding to our knowledge. This is the perfect forum for the sharing of opinions as they relate to cup plates. One of the main problems that we face is the lack of documentation to prove or disprove cup plate manufacture. The consensus of opinion still remains the best tool available for todays collectors.

LR56 was shown in American Glass Cup Plates in 1948 as clear has been found since the 1950's in light purple. There are 5 known light purple cup plates in the 56. The question of whether these plates were manufactured in this light purple color or were altered through other means is the topic of this discussion."

We ask that every collector, please read this article and then click on the Yes or the No at the end of the article to share your view. We are including email discussions from a number of collectors to help explain the varied thoughts so far. Click here to read the LR56 discussion and feel free to add your opinions at any time.

 

Scroll down to the bottom to view the most current comments

Q -
Hi Dolores. I see the "purple" #56 is up for auction again, and the seller is quoting you to estabish the authenticity of the cup plate. Sun purpling and irradiation are the same process of exposing glass to ultraviolet rays. In nature, it takes many years to make the manganese in the glass react and turn the glass purplish. The process can be sped up using a high intensity ultraviolet light chamber. The second process is thermal heating, but this process involves heating glass with altered color to near the melting temperature (like annealing) and results in the color reversing back to the original color. As for microwaving a cup plate, I would expect no color change and broken glass. Microwaves and ultraviolet waves are near the opposite ends of the electromagnetic spectrum; they are not the same thing. The link below has some good info on this subject. I would be very wary of this cup plate. Walt has some experience with this issue. Jeff.

http://nia.org/altered/
Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA
A -

HI JEFF,

GOOD TO HEAR FROM YOU. THANKS FOR THE INFO. HOPE YOU DON'T MIND MY SENDING THIS OFF TO ARCH, DAVE AND LARRY. I'M SURE DAVE WOULD LIKE TO PUBLISH THIS DISCUSSION IN HIS WEBSITE. I STILL THINK THAT 56 IS AN ORIGINAL. BUT I'LL LET ALL YOU ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS TELL ME WHY THE MARKET ISN'T FLOODED WITH ALTERED LAVENDER CUP PLATES. I KNOW WALTER PAID DEARLY FOR HIS. Dolores Bowler, Ayer, MA

Q -
I got a chuckle when I saw that the "Purple" L/R 56 is up for discussion again! As I have one, I thought that I might add my comments, as follows:

The Sandwich Museum Cup Plate collection does not have any Cup Plate having the same color as the 56 being discussed here. Same goes for the Henry Ford Museum's collection in Dearborn. Ditto for the Smithsonian.

In more than 60 years of Cup Plate collecting I have never seen any plate of the same color. So, let's look at how the color of this plate might have been artificially induced:

1) As Dolores knows, I ran very lengthy tests in which I subjected Cup Plates to microwave radiation, and found NO indication of any color change.

2) I have a good friend who has the title of "Distinguished Scientist" at the Lawrence Livermore Labs, and whose field is nuclear radiation. From correspondence and phone conversations with her about coloring Cup Plates her thought is that this is probably possible by the use of nuclear radiation. She suggested that Cesium radiation might be a good place to start experiments.

3) As is well known, ultraviolet radiation can "colorize" some kinds of glass.
I am personally acquainted with three examples of this. The first was a window pane in a 1746 house that my family used to own in Milton, Conn. The second examples were two glass doorknobs (that were subjected the the afternoon sun) in my house at Fletcher, NC.
In both of these cases the resulting glass color was nothing like the color of the L/R 56.

BUT, I have never heard of any difinitive tests being made on Cup Plates subjected to ultraviolet radiation. Thus I have decided to do something (other than talk!) about the situation. So, I have today ordered two ultraviolet radiation lamps. Each contains 18 UV LEDs. They the do not radiate the infrared radiation that might heat - and possibly crack - a Cup Plate.

When these lamps arrive I intend to place one over my clear 56, and the second one over a Cup Plate that has a different glass composition (the 56 does not have a good "Ring"). I intend to leave both plates under 24 hour per day ultraviolet radiation for at least six months.

As of this moment (and, subject to revision if the above tests show any color change) I am inclined to agree with Dolores, and think that the "Purple" 56 is a valid Cup Plate. My reasoning has nothing to do with science or any of the above observations - but is based purely on many decades of observation of human nature.

I am sure that Jeff will agree with me that there are quite a few antique dealers and their suppliers who are somewhat less than honest. And, if one of these people learned how to articially color a Cup Plate, do you honestly believe that they would stop after colorizing only a handful of L/R 56 Cup Plates? If you believe this, I have a wonderful bridge over the East River in New York City that I would like to sell you---

As you, Dave, are the focal point of conversations about Cup Plates (for which you deserve a great amount of thanks) I will keep you informed of the results of the UV tests, and you can pass them on as you see fit.
Arch Doty , Hillsboro, OR
A -
The time frame when these plates started to surface was the 1950's with none recorded earlier. It coincides with the time frame where medical Xrays and the like were being used more frequently. They may well have been fabricated, probably along with dozens of other pieces of glass by a shady dealer back in the 1950's. The market would not be flooded in my opinion, as that would only call attention to this Dealer and would drop the values rather than increase them. A smart man could be selective and just make a few cup plates, goblets, sauce dishes, bowls, etc....and make a tidy little sum each year. Remember that there are less than 200 serious cup plate collectors, and perhaps only a few dozen that would spend thousands to aquire a Very Rare plate. To flood the market would not be a smart thing to do. Dave McDonnell, Needham, MA
A -
I JUST WANT TO ADD ONE THING. DID YOU READ THE ATTACHMENT TO JEFF'S E-MAIL? http://nia.org/altered/ DID I UNDERSTAND CORRECTLY THAT HEATING TO 300 DEGREES FOR A PERIOD OF TIME WILL REVERSE THE GLASS TO IT'S ORIGINAL COLOR? IF LARRY'S 56 DOESN'T SELL HE WANTS TO TRADE FOR SOME EAGLES SO IF I GET MY HANDS ON THE LAVENDER I WILL TRY TO MAKE IT COLORLESS IN MY OVEN. WILL IT CRACK AT THAT TEMPERATURE? HAS ANYONE HEARD FROM WALT? . Dolores Bowler, Ayer, MA
A -
I guess we can all agree this color would not be done intentionally when the cup plate was made. If it came from the factory in that color, it was an accident. Either too much manganese was in the mix or some colored glass was left in the pot when the clear glass was made leaving a lighter tint of the original color in the mix. However, both cases result in an authentic plate, and there should be more of them around. Good news for Walter. Seems like there was a third one listed on eBay in the last year or two, but I could be wrong.

Some info from the Net: nothing verified.
1) Glass insulators are made of poorer quality glass and are subjected to irradiation so much as to be a problem for collectors. Irradiated glass color can be changed or reversed by controlled high heating (annealing, which nearly melts the glass). Don't know if anyone would want to try that with one of these plate though. Other than that, I don't know if there is any way to verify the originality of the color.
2) Co 60 gamma radiation can change the manganese in soda-lime glass to a purple color (pyrex turns yellow-brown, and can be turned clear again by heating to 200C). And some gems are subjected to nuclear power radiation; a Geiger counter would give that away.

You noted that the #56 does not ring very well which indicates poor quality glass. This might support sun color/irradiation as the culprit. Your experiment will show if this is the possible. The trick is to have a high enough intensity UV light source but avoid exposing yourself to it, unless you want an artificial tan or sunburn.

My copy of AGCP belonged to Carl Lidbeck of Suncook, NH (anyone know of him?). It has many handwritten prices and notes on colors alongside of the photos and is a great reference for me; no colors were listed by him for the #56.

links on irradiation and cooking of glass: http://www.insulators.com/articles/rinker.htm

http://www.insulators.com/books/fake/section2.htm
Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA

A -
My thought is this plate was never intended to be made in color. Considering the poor quality of the glass and the large bubbles what probably happened was a poor formula for a batch. This would certainly explain the rarity and the fact that no other shades of purple are known. Your theory and my theory could be equally correct. But why would someone do only 56s I wonder? Maybe that's all they had that day? Such is the lure of the search for truth! I like it. I'm pretty sure I don't have much into this plate. Dolores has made me an Eagle offer but I ask, would you consider trading that Hairpin border plate if this doesn't sell? Just trying to keep my options open. 8-) Heck, the furor that has risen over this plate has been so much fun that I consider myself ahead already! . Larry Oman, Richfield, MN
A -

Incidentally, as far as the colored 56 is concerned, I think that Jeff is probably correct in suggesting that this might have been a mistake at the factory (it is not a very attractive color). When you look at this plate in daylight you can see that it is quite blue in color - not the purple seen in UV radiated glass.

Your question about the lavender Clay was most pertinent. It is very close, but not identical in color to the 56. So, I will take a picture of them together and include it here. (I hope that this will not get a discussion started as to whether or not the Clay has been UV radiated!)

Got word today that the four (!) UV lamps that I ordered have been shipped to me. These are neat little units containing 18 UV bulbs in a reflector that is only about the diameter of a Cup Plate. As they produce almost no heat, I will be able to place Cup Plates directly on them - which will speed up any reaction that might occur. The 565B has a beautiful, resonant "Ring", whereas the 56 just goes "Clunk"

Thus the composition of the glass in the two plates must be significantly different. Ergo, if they both HAD been UV radiated, they would have reacted differently to the radiation, and would not be almost identical in color. Isn't logic fun?
Arch Doty , Hillsboro, OR

A -
Hiya Arch, You take good pictures! My 56 doesn't go clunk. It has a ring, just very short. This is simply because the plate is so thick. I bet these would ring like a bell if they were thinner. I know this one would. I have seen 3 of these 56s now and they all have large bubbles. Do the clears have these bubbles? My thought is a batch of glass used for a few 56s was poorly prepared and came out this shade. (Or maybe a worker was tinkering around). Either way it would certainly explain the rarity and the fact there are no darker shades for this plate. This plate was never meant to be produced in color! I find it puzzling that some have to think up reasons to malign these 56s. Why? You're the expert, not me. Do you know of anyone, anyone, who knows of a single cup plate ever being irradiated? If your UV test doesn't produce this color I'll bet the few who own one of these will be even happier than they are now. If your test does produce this color then it is a sad day for ALL the lavender/amethyst cup plate owners. I look forward to your results! Larry Oman, Richfield, MN
A -
I have both amethyst and amethyst tint plates. I never questioned their authenticity, and still don't. They are fully documented and accepted by collectors.

Amethyst plates were made intentionally. Amethyst tints were the result of improper glass composition (too much manganese). My example (a Henry Clay) requires viewing edge-on to see the tint, much like another green tinted plate (also a Henry Clay, too much iron). HC's must have had poor quality control.

Light amethyst plates (or any other light color tints) would most likely be the result of the accidental mixing of colored and clear glass in the melting pot. Arch's #565B may be an example, and hopefully the #56 is another. However, the irradiation of one cup plate does not equal the invalidation of all amethyst cup plates. The point of irradiation is to make something of lower value look like something of greater value. This has become common with glass insulators, which I do not collect, but only gave as reference to illustrate how irradiation works. Glass quality comes into play in that cup plates were made with "flint" glass intended to be thisk and clear, while insulators, bottles, door knobs, etc, were not, so those easily become "sun purple" from UV exposure. Poor quality flint glass could do the same.

My #56 rings like a bell, and Larry's also rings, but is short in duration, or clunks according to Arch. Arch's #56 also clunks according to him. Thickness would affect the mass, which affects the pitch (frequency) for the same shape plate, but duration (damping) might be more related to how it is held, and to composition (poor flint glass seems to damp out quickly; pink tint #291's are classic examples). So glass quality may have been an issue with some of the #56's. Maybe Walt could provide a "second opinion" with his tinted specimen.

At this point, I am undecided about the Infamous #56 being an authentic color, but from where I am sitting without the plate in hand, I can't even tell what the real color is. Dolore's photo must be the most accurate as the auction photo looks blue, and Dave's photo looks more blue-violet. Relative color comparison does help. I would like to see how Arch's test works out, and I would like to hear what Walter has to say.

As for Arch's test, if it is a valid test, we all better hope that it has a negative result, because the last thing we need is to open up cup plate collecting to the same problem that insulator collectors face with altered color glass.

Finally, two comments to Larry:
1) You seem focused upon me as being the only doubter. I would point out that having no bids on the auction indicates that I may not be the only one among many collectors. My glass experience goes back to over 30 years ago, including digging bottles, collecting sandwich glass, and other antiques. Cup plates has become my real interest in the last 6 years, but I do not consider myself to be an expert. Knowledgeable, but far from being an expert.

2) No one who has had any dealings with Walter Moore would doubt his expertise. The fact that he bought a similar colored #56 for a substantial amount and then later doubted it's authenticity weighs heavily against your plate. And he is not the only expert having second thoughts. However, I am hoping that your plate is the real deal, and I am sure Walt would want that to be the case as well. Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA

A -
Jeff - I do feel that the 56 Light Purple is a manipulated color and will add some additional links as to how this is done when I have a moment to do so. Dave McDonnell, Needham, MA
A -

Dave:
I just saw the discussion on the lavender 56 and thought I would throw in my two cents.
I have enclosed a pic of the items in my collection which most approximate the color of the 56.

The color of the 56 is in some ways similar to the other items I have come across in my flint glass collecting, but not identical. Whether all or some of these objects have been "colorized", is a matter of continuing conjecture.

Regardless, there are very few specimens of any of these objects, which I think tends to negate the contention that they are easily produced. They may in fact be products of "natural" colorizing which occurs to varying degrees in all glass exposed to the suns rays. The relative abundance of minerals in the glass gathers from different factories will obviously affect the resulting intended colors, or response to external coloring agents.

I think these pieces of flint glass are here to stay and will be part of collections for many years to come. Their value, as with all collectables, depends on what people are willing to pay for them, not on how they acheived their color. The fact that the lavender 56 plates appeared as a group of 5 is not unusual as all cup plate collectors know, but I think an examination of provenance for this group of plates might identify the common source.


For other owners of the lavender 56, I might ask you review who you got the plate from and when. Perhaps this will help solve the question
. Walt Moore,

Q -
Because of the controversy, would you not bid on a purple 56? anonymous
A -

I would definately bid on a light purple 56. The controversy will remain open until it has been proven one way or the other. However....the seller really should start at a nominal starting bid and allow the bidders to set the value. A cup plate is only worth what someone is willing to pay for it. Dolores Bowlers Companion gives it an insurance replacement value of $1800.00 and I would not invest that much on an unproven plate. I would pay $150.00 - $200.00 on speculation to have one in my collection. Dave McDonnell, Needham, MA

A -
www.patternglass.com/sunpurple.htm Elaine Henderson, Albuquerque, NM
A -
I have a L/R-564 in a light purple-blue from the King collection that Mr. King had noted "The lavender color was induced by subjecting the plate to gamma radiation in the swimming pool nuclear reactor at Sterling Forest, N.Y." When compared to a true lavender plate (like L/R-46) it is obvious that this is much more purple with a blue tint, but without a comparison plate someone may very well think this is the lavender that Rose lists as "Extremely Rare". I also have numerous pieces of flint glass that have been irradiated, many of which turned a smokey brown from the selenium used rather than purple blue from the manganese. Jeffrey S. Evans, President, Green Valley Auctions, Inc.
A -
Which is worse? Knowing there are altered color cup plates out there or knowing that some of them may be contaminated with radioactive material? I saw one message that stated those items that were put into reactor pools could be detected with a Geiger counter. Does anyone think the levels might be harmful if this is true? Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA
A -
It was delightful to get some real, documented, data on coloring of glass by nuculear radiation! However, as most glass collectors and dealers don't have nuclear reactors in their back rooms, I'm not going to worry about it!

I have been reading a lot of trash lately about UV radiation of glass. Worst are the E-Bay diatribe that speaks of "Germ killing lamp purple" and the unfortunate article that says that one can color glass purple by putting it in a box with a germicidal lamp for a relatively short time. It is obvious that the authors did not bother to learn that germicidal, or "germ killing" ultaviolet lamps radiate energy in the UVC spectrum range (from 100 to 200 nonometers, if you want to get technical). Also, they did not bother to check easily available sources on UVC radiation, such as the Internet sites of our EPA, or that of the World Health Organization. Had they done so they would have learned that NONE of the sun's radiation in the UVC range reaches the surface of the earth, and that it is thus absolutely impossibe that this particular radiation could color glass.

As far as my tests are concerned, I am currently testing the effect of UVA and UVB radiation on a L/R 56, on a 467A (which Rose reports in lavender) and on a repro 440B (modern glass composition). In addition (because of the above referenced articles) I have ordered a UVC "germicidal" lamp and will use it for separate tests.

All that I want to do is develop some factual information based on actual tests under controlled conditions. To an engineer that is a lot more convincing than unsupported opinion!

As to the "Infamous 56", Jeff, I'll be delighted to send mine down to you so that you can see it yourself. Perhaps the owners of the others might be willing to do the same? That would allow someone we all trust to see, and compare, them. Arch Doty , Hillsboro, OR

A -

Don't dismiss the germicidal lamps so easily. My understanding is that these were used back in the '70's to color bottles and fruit jars. It is true that UVC from the sun is blocked by the ozone layer, so sun purpling does not involve solar UVC. However, the chemical process that turns glass purple only requires light energy to initiate the reaction. UVC is shortwave UV light below 280 nanometers (nm). UV light above 30 nm, which includes UVC, will interact mainly with the chemical valence electron of matter. However, UV below 200 nm is absorbed by the oxygen in air, so that doesn't leave much of a window, but some amount of the UVC spectrum (200 - 280 nm) is still available to initiate the chemical process that alters the glass color. The UV info is available on Wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet

I seem to recall one source stating that glass that has been radiated by nuking appears more blue under fluorescent light, and more purple under incandescent light. This may explain the unusual color of the #56's. Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA

A -

Hello Dave, After plowing through most of the discussions on the lavender cup plates and insulators and artificial colorization, I have to add what I can to the overall story. I have a perfect 3 inch lavender L/R 56 purchased at Brimfield for $30 about 5 years ago. We, the dealer and I, had a discussion about the multiple purple pieces in his display. He said they were all exposed to nuclear radiation at a food packaging plant in Florida. Exposure details were not discussed but he was very open with the radiation story. The cup plate purchase was based solely on my fascination with the color change and what the color revision may do to the cup plate market. Since the encounter at Brimfield I have not seen a flood nor a few lavender cup plates but I wretch when I see a flea market display of obviously color altered old bottles, and etc. I've attached a picture for verification of the color in the irradiated cup plate. Also when tapped, it has a ring but not a sustained ring typical of thinner cup plates. Howard Simmons, CT

A -

This is now the 5th known 56 Lavender and the 2nd to be documented as radiated. Has anyone purchased that Geiger Counter yet? Dave McDonnell, Needham, MA

A -

To all: That may be a big nail in the coffin, if not the final one. I am almost in favor of removing the entire discussion from the website in order to keep this under wraps. Trouble is, there are irradiated cup plates out there already, so this may be an inevitable outcome. Probably better to let fellow collectors know about the possible colorization than not. Caveat emptor. Jeff LeBlanc, Aptos, CA

A -
The following note from International Medcom was a result of my enquiry about their equipment for testing radiation in my cup plate:
Dear Howard,

Thank you for your inquiry. Without knowing what kind of glass it is you have, and from what you said about it being radioactive, it is considered contaminated. Depending on what type of nuclear radiation contaminated the glass, it is hard to predict what the half life will be.
Any type of object or thing that has been contaminated with nuclear radiation will keep giving off radiation until the half life is gone (this could be for hundreds of years, again depending on what kind of radiation it is).

Our hand-held radiation detection instruments detect alpha, beta, gamma, and x-radiation. For your application, I would recommend the Monitor 4 http://www.medcom.com/mon4.htm, Radalert 50 http://www.medcom.com/rad50.htm, or Inspector Alert http://www.medcom.com/inspect.htm. The Inspector Alert is our most sensitive instrument available and the Monitor 4 is the least sensitive.
Howard Simmons, CT
A -
Update- Howard Simmons has graciously made arrangements to mail his Radiated 56 Lavender to Arch Doty for safe testing. Arch has purchased a Geiger Counter and has made arrangements with George Fox University for further testing. It is hoped that we can find a definitive way to identify altered plates. This will also give the opportunity to photograph several 56 Lavender plates for visual comparison. Stay tuned. Dave McDonnell, Needham, MA
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